As Hitler was engaged in the recovery of the planet

Today is not like to recall that the first all-out war on smoking at the national level announced by none other than Adolf Hitler ...
Perhaps this is why the sixtieth anniversary of this event remained prudent unnoticed ...
The idea of quitting occurred to Hitler as soon as he was discharged from the army. And it should be noted that while the head of the future Fuhrer's going full confusion. It mixed up different ideas and theories, which was rich in postwar Germany, superimposed on his personal feelings and gave rise to suggestions, sometimes shocking even his "Parteigenosse.
Well, for example, adopt a law on protection of animals, including responsibility for the mistreatment, and even a ban boil lobsters alive. In Europe, the beginning of XX century it was nonsense. And the former officers of the Kaiser's army, survived the horrors of the First World, and do spinning finger to his temple. However, later, in the 30 years, the law did have - and this was the first such law in the Western world. What defenders of little animals, too, do not want to remember.
However, given that, in response to a question that perplexed scientists, to whom are they now carry out experiments, Hitler defined the category of "laboratory animals" ... Jews and Gypsies, no reason to enroll him in the humanists obviously not.
His aversion to smoking, as has been written by historians, began with the fact that Hitler identified smoking as throwing money down the drain - in the literal sense. Perhaps he simply did not have money, and a cigarette "freeloader" no one has given, perhaps, it just leaped "toad", but once he decided that smoking will no longer be. But only a few years later, Hitler began to get all the lectures that nicotine is harmful to health.
It should be noted that the first appearance of tobacco in Europe in the XVI century was met with very negative. In many countries, monarchs fought overseas habit "to smoke, like a devil" very strict methods: smokers in England beheaded, in Russia since Ivan the Terrible was beaten with sticks, and the kingdom of Alexei Mikhailovich executed very painful way. But then the aristocracy realized that the tobacco business - a very profitable business. And Europe lit, contracted the habit of Peter the Great.
Two centuries old and the new world strenuously puffed pipes and cigars. Tobacco chewing, sniffing and even used as medicine. Attempts to persuade the public that smoking - health harm, ridicule. However, activists in a healthy lifestyle will not be discouraged and persevered. And even sought with some success: for example, in 1890 in the 26 states of the North American Union were prohibited from selling tobacco to minors.
But the attempt by the authorities of New York in 1908 to ban smoking in public places for women, encountered fierce resistance angry suffragettes (future feminists). Who responded began to smoke in principle, to emphasize that its independence and to protest against the "male tyranny.
Society of opponents of smoking have arisen in Germany. However, these were only voluntary organizations, which attempted to deal with nicotine through the publication of magazines and distributing leaflets. The First World War dealt a crushing blow on them - since 1914 the number of smokers increases sharply, and at the front clouds of tobacco smoke rose above the dugouts, as if breaking the chemical shells. Of course, that while Europe etched, the American tobacco companies counted a huge profit.
So the fight against smoking was not the idea of Hitler, but it was he who brought it to the absurd. However, today such an absurdity was the norm "democratic countries".
It all started with the fact that in the 30 years the Germans doctors (at the request of the Fuhrer) began intensive study of the effect of tobacco smoke on the human body. And just what they have become sponsors of such discoveries as the impact of smoking on lung cancer and heart disease, the effect of smoking on fetal growth and health of infants. And also coined the famous term "passive smoking» (Passivrauchen), ie, inhalation of tobacco smoke with the air in the smoke-filled room, transport, places of gatherings.
These discoveries, the first time in history, reinforced the anti-tobacco campaign of scientific facts, to this day is the main argument against smoking. And to make war with the State of cigarettes, total scale enabled the ideology of the Third Reich.
Since Germany was declared the nation the steepest in the world, were presented to her and the relevant requirements. The "true Aryans" were supposed to destroy the mighty fists head "subhuman", and their wives - give birth to a healthy and strong children. Thus, smoking was declared not just bad habits, they now became the enemy of health and future of the nation.
The funny thing with that against the backdrop of the fight against nicotine in Germany allowed the use of amphetamines, which are then considered "the cure for fatigue," and even declared less harmful to health than strong coffee. They betrayed the soldiers who used them and Hitler himself is said to strongly podsevshy on them by the end of the war, which explains his morbidly nervous state.
Of course, not without blame game. First, Hitler invented the famous dictum ironic that tobacco - a "revenge of the red white man for the fire water." And then everything fell to the Jewish tradition: that is they invented the lime Nordic race nicotine! Since the beginning of the war the German anti-tobacco propaganda used associative images: cigar symbolized Churchill and Britain, the tube - Stalin and the Bolsheviks, well, and cigarettes, of course, Americans.
However, the mere propaganda yielded few results - the Germans did not want to listen to a popularly elected to the Fuhrer. On the contrary, they have to smoke even more! And smoked even closer to Hitler, skipping past the ears of his appeals and exhortations. Therefore, the Third Reich has decided to fight the tobacco at the state level coercive methods. These, however today enjoys all of Europe.
For a start, in 1938, smoking is prohibited in aviation and in the post - under the guise of fire safety. And then, in 1939, total nicotine rink campaign began its movement. Smoking is prohibited in all institutions of Hitler's party, in hospitals and schools. Very strictly forbidden to smoke during working hours (anywhere else), midwives and the police. Restrictions imposed on all officers of the SS. So Stirlitz, for example, could only smoke at home, like bake potatoes.
Special excise taxes, which constituted 85% of the cost of a pack of cigarettes, made them more expensive and less accessible. This was accompanied by visual propaganda about how much the useful could buy savings stamps for smokers, they get rid of their habit. Since the beginning of the war and rationing system for fixing prices the state has gone the other way, banning the issuance of tobacco cards, women of childbearing age.
In 1941, the public was completely banned advertising of tobacco products (on radio, billboards), and smoking was prohibited in public transport 60 cities. In 1944 the ban has spread to the whole of Germany, as well as on commuter trains.
Winning smoking completely failed. Although the results were: in the period from 1938 to 1944 tobacco consumption in Germany decreased by 24%. However, these gains were immediately negated by the defeat of the Third Reich in the war. Country trying to flex its muscles a healthy lifestyle, has received a crushing blow from polluting the harsh tobacco Soviet soldiers.
Whether falling into the shock of shocks, whether the statute of nicotine company, the Germans began to smoke like never before. Prisoners "Aryans" the first thing asked for a cigarette or tobacco, Germans in exchange for a pack of cigarettes were even willing to "inter-racial ties." Tobacco consumption is officially grown in half, and taking into account smuggling - twice!
And almost all the profits ended up in the pockets of American companies that are actively promoted podsazhivaniyu population of liberated Germany for their products. In the end, the Germans quickly entered the top five most smokers nations in the world. And until now, Germany still can not lower cigarette consumption to the level in 1944 ...

he cigarette smoke can protect smokers from an allergy

Cigarette smoke is capable to prevent an allergy, decrease in reaction of a cage of immune system on allergens. To such unexpected opening of scientists from the Utrecht university / the Netherlands has come. They have found out that on corpulent cages inflammatory fibers in the answer of an organism to allergens allow to let out influence of a tobacco smoke, without damage to other immune functions.

Cage mast have been received from laboratory mice, but have shown effect should have equivalent action on people, scientists speak. Experts do not assume treatment of an allergy by smoking, but consider that research conclusions will be useful to revealing allergic processes on smokers.

Smoking causes a cancer of lungs, diseases of respiratory ways and influences process of struggle of our cages with infections. However doctors confirm that along with many unhealthy consequences - smoking possesses surprising benefit: cigarettes can protect smokers from some kinds of an allergy. According to results of experiments, the cigarette smoke reduces allergic reactions, preventing influence by corpulent cages, - which basic "players" in the answer of immune system for the most widespread allergens.

Indian Tobacco News

Indian tobacco major GTC Industries Ltd has changed its name to Golden Tobacco Ltd, the company said Monday.

Upon approval by the Registrar of Companies, Maharashtra, a fresh certificate of incorporation has been issued, the company said in a regulatory statement.

The shareholders had approved the company's proposal to change the name through a special resolution passed at the annual general meeting held July 14.

Then the company made an application to the central government's ministry of corporate affairs under Section 21 of the Companies Act, 1956 for change of its name, the statement said.

This application has now been approved by the registrar of companies, Maharashtra, and the company received the approval Monday, the statement said.

The move comes in the wake of the company's shareholders approving February this year a plan to demerge the company's tobacco business from its real estate business to create two separate entities. Both entities are to be listed on the stock exchanges where the shares of the company are currently listed.

The change of name will now pave the way for the demerger.

The Rs.1.65 billion tobacco major and flagship of the Dalmia Group was earlier known as Golden Tobacco Company. It changed the name to GTC Ind after the promoter group merged some of its non-tobacco businesses with Golden Tobacco. Now, with the tobacco business slated to be demerged again, the company has gone in for another name change.

Indian Tobacco

Indian Tobacco is growing in the washes and in open gorges through out a large part of California, below 8000 feet. There are three kinds which were used as smoking tobacco by the Indians: N. Bigelovii, N. attenuata, and N. glauca. It would appear that the practice of smoking was more general in northern than in southern and eastern California. Smoking was really more a "cult," particularly among the tribes of the lower Klamath area. In the Karok economy, smoking wasn’t practiced for pleasure but always for some definite end: as a part of the day's routine, or as a rite prescribed by the tribal customs.

The Karok Indians planted tobacco seeds, N. Bigelovii , in selected spots. The ground was not cultivated, but before planting, logs and brush were burned on the "garden." The seed was then distributed over the cleared area and brush was dragged over the ground to "sweep" it in. No irrigation was done but the plots were carefully weeded. As the plants matured, the leaves were gathered at intervals, packed with care, and wrapped in bracken fronds and twigs of Douglas Fir so that they would not dry out while being carried down to the village to be dried. Different tribes handled the drying in various ways. Often the leaves were dried in the "sweathouses." One record shows that the tobacco was dried by placing it in the dew in the morning and then taking the leaves in and drying them, repeating this over several weeks. Stems and leaves were harvested separately, and the different parts of the plant made separate qualities of tobacco, each named and kept apart. The stems made an inferior tobacco which was used for such purposes as gifts to the "Spirits" and in charms and incantations. It was also given to guests of inferior ( poor ) standing, not as a sign of disrespect, but because it was the custom.

Each year some seeds were gathered from the garden plants, though never from the wild plants which grew about the villages or along the streams. These seeds were cut from the tops of the stems while still green, tied in small bunches, and hung in the house all winter, blackened with the smoke from the fires, and taken down only when the planting time came. Then the capsules were crushed and the seeds scattered directly onto the ground prepared for them.

When the harvested leaves were dry, they were rubbed between the palms of the hands and broken into a not-too-fine powder which was stored in especially woven little baskets which hung in the living house. The supply for current use was carried in the same buckskin bag which held the pipe.

Pipes were made of wood or soapstone, or sometimes of wood with a soapstone bowl. The Karok Indians of the Klamath River used largely Arrowwood, Philadelphus Lewisii var. Gordonianus , because of the soft pith running through the stem. Usually the pith was bored or punched out with a horn or bone tool, but a curious method was sometimes used. The lengths of wood cut for pipe making were stood on end in oil from the dried salmon until the oil had soaked through the pith from both ends. The bowl was then hollowed out and a little of the pith in the pipe stem and the grub of a little beetle which lives in the dried salmon was placed in the cavity and sealed in with pitch. The wood was then hung up in the living place and left for the grub to eat its way through the pith of the pipe stem. This trick was not always successful; sometimes the grub died without completing the job. Pipes so bored seem to have been particularly valued property.

In general, tobacco leaf was used without anything added, but there are records of mixing it with the dried leaves of Bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi , and of a Manzanita, probably Arctostaphylos patula . This was said to be for smoking or as snuff, though the latter practice does not seem to have been general with the Indians and probably only came in after longer contact with the whites. It seems possible that the use of other leaves with smoking tobacco also came from the white settlers.

The tobacco was smoked only by the men, or the women "doctors" who, doing the work of men, must do as the men did. It was rarely chewed, though later reports mention this use of it, as with the taking of snuff, only after longer contact with the whites. Smoking was chiefly done after the evening meal, in the sweathouse, before going to sleep. It was a social ritual, and the pipes were passed around the group. A man never let his pipe out of his sight. Occasionally he would stop for a smoke when on a journey or when meeting someone on the trail.

Apart from smoking, tobacco had a number of uses as medicine. As a pain killer it was used for earache and toothache and occasionally as a poultice. It was considered a poison and had considerable use in the practices of "medicine" by the shamans.

The Indian Tobacco found on the deserts and in the south had something of the same record, though there is nowhere any mention of its having been semi-cultivated by any of the southern tribes. The Coahuila Indians of the San Jacinto region are said to have powdered it up in special small mortars, mixed it with water, and chewed it.

Medicinally, it had many uses among the desert tribes. The crushed leaves were made into poultices to soothe rheumatic and other swellings and to place on eczema and similar skin infections. The same material was placed along the gums as a cure for toothache. The chewed leaves could be applied to cuts or bound on rattlesnake bites after the poison had been sucked out.